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Phalaenopsis orchids are among the most widely cultivated and economically important ornamental plants worldwide. Orchid floral organ identity is controlled by specialized MADS-box protein complexes, yet the cooperative roles of A/E-class genes in perianth differentiation are not fully understood. Here, Hsu et al. confirm that the A/E-class gene OAGL6 interacts with the E-class genes PaSEP1/3 to form advanced SP and L complexes that regulate sepal/petal and lip identity in orchids. Further, their combined silencing causes severe leaf-like transformations of sepals, petals, or lips, thereby expanding the current perianth (P) code model.
The cover image is of a triple silenced OAGL6-1/PaSEP1/PaSEP3 plant displaying additive and severe phenotypes, including greenish sepals and petals with leaf-like features, indicating a collapse of the SP complex. Photo credit: Dr. Chang-Hsien Yang (National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan).
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