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On the cover: Most plants exhibit C3 photosynthesis, which is less efficient than the C4 photosynthetic pathway. The C4 pathway arose multiple independent times from the default C3 pathway, but the processes by which this occurred remains elusive and is the current focus of intensive studies ultimately aimed at synthesising the C4 pathway in C3 crops. This special focus issue organised by Taniguchi et al. (2016; pp.879-880) presents the latest research into the evolution, biochemistry and physiology of C4 biology and future prospective for C4 research.
Cover image shows cross sections of mature leaves from a typical C3 species –Diplotaxis viminea (upper panel), and a C3-C4 intermediate – Diplotaxis tenuifolia or rocket salad (lower panel), exhibiting the characteristic centripetal arrangement of organelles in the bundle sheath (see also Schlüter and Weber (2016); pp. 881-889). Image supplied by U. Schlüter, A.Weber (Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf) and M. Melzer (IPK Gatersleben).
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